How To Make A Painting Look 3 Dimensional

15 Ways to Describe the Illusion of Depth

Updated: 03 Jun 2022

When cartoon in a realistic mode, information technology is helpful to draw from direct observation, or by using reference images.

However, for an initial sketch, or when drawing from imagination, there are several proven methods to create the illusion of depth.

one. Book

Dissimilar apartment objects, 3D objects announced to have book, and therefore bespeak depth.

A three-dimensional object has highlighted and shadow areas, depending on the location of the light source.

Flat vs 3D object with book

Example:

Pen and ink olive tree

2. Size

According to the rules of perspective, the farther an object is, the smaller it looks.

For that reason, when you draw like objects in different sizes, the observer can conclude that smaller objects are farther away, thus create a sense of depth.

Objects with different size

Instance:

Pen and ink olive trees

In addition, you lot can use size to create a sense of space.

Adding a small object to a defined infinite, makes it look large:

Minor object defines big space

Adding a large object to the same space, makes information technology look small:

Big object defines modest space

three. Overlapping

A body concealing part of another body indicates that the body it is hiding is farther abroad.

Overlapping objects

Overlapping is a powerful method to add depth!

Example:

Overlapping olive trees

If yous similar my tree drawings, yous are welcome to visit my guide on how to draw ANY tree with a pen.

four. Position/Tiptop

When the base of operations of objects is positioned higher on the drawing surface, they expect farther abroad.

Different positioning

In near cases, the base of operations of closer objects is lower on the drawing surface, AND the top part of close objects is college than far objects.

Note:

This happens when the horizon is placed in the heart (more than on that later).

Closer object position & height

The reason is the observer'south visual angle, significant not measuring in meters but in degrees, in perspective.

Observer bending of sight

Remember:

In that location is no bodily depth in a drawing; the paper sheet is flat. Therefore, use height to make up one's mind the illusion of depth.

Example:

Tree position

When looking from above, the top part of closer objects is lower on the cartoon surface.

View from above

Here is my review of recommended technical pens for drawing, which I use on a regular basis.

5. Contrast & Details

The contrast betwixt the dark and low-cal areas decreases, as does the amount of details, as an object is farther away.

Decreasing levels of dissimilarity & details

That is to say, when cartoon or painting, areas with high contrast come forward, and areas with less contrast recede.

Example:

Trees pencil cartoon

6. Edges

When an object or surface ends in a abrupt way, it ways it has a hard edge.

Soft edges are when objects finish in a gradual fashion, from nighttime to lite.

Hard/sharp vs soft edges

Foreground objects accept hard edges, and therefore in focus.

Background objects take soft edges, and therefore blurry.

Background objects have soft edges

This happens due to atmospheric perspective.

Meaning, with altitude, at that place are more atmosphere (air) particles between the observer and the object.

These particles besprinkle low-cal. That is why distant objects await blurry, and with fewer details and contrast.

You can use your artistic license to create an outcome of a camera, forcing depth between two objects that are relatively close.

Example:

Two sparrow birds

7. Horizon

Dividing your drawing into ground and sky by a horizon line, mount range, vegetation, or whatever other manner, attests to depth.

In improver, by adding ground, the objects stop "hovering".

Horizon and ground

Pencil drawing case:

Snowy horizon & pino tree

Remember:

Your cartoon surface is flat! Yous have no depth, merely width and height.

Every bit objects are closer to the horizon, they appear farther away.

Height as a mensurate of distance

In the image to a higher place, trees that are college on the drawing surface (toward the horizon) look farther away.

Clouds that are lower on the drawing surface (toward the horizon) wait further away.

For a list of equipment that I use for drawing, visit my guide for pencil drawing materials.

viii. Perspective

Past using linear perspective, it is possible to demonstrate depth in a realistic manner.

Linear perspective

Example:

House sketch in perspective

If you are new to linear perspective, read my linear perspective guide, information technology is an important drawing primal.

9. Foreshortening

Objects in front end of the viewer, such equally buildings, copse, mountains, people, etc., await smaller as they are further away, simply maintain the ratio between height and width. This means that there is no distortion.

On the other paw, when you change the object (or your) angle of sight, and the object is now along your line of sight, it gets shorter in that direction.

Foreshortened oil painting

This distortion is due to the angle of sight. The more an object is in your management of sight, the more than it is distorted (becomes much shorter in that direction).

For example, a lake that in reality tin can exist round, in perspective becomes more elliptical as the distance between information technology and the observer grows.

Foreshortened lake

Note:

Cast shadows are discipline to foreshortening (unless they are in front of the observer).

Cast shadow foreshortening

Understanding foreshortening is THE cardinal advantage of experienced artists, particularly when drawing from imagination.

Foreshortened cylinder

Once your sketch is correct, it is gear up for rendering.

Coloring with markers

If you lot are new to foreshortening, visit my guide on drawing from imagination (It is an avant-garde guide, only explained step-past-step).

ten. Colors

According to the rules of atmospheric perspective, the farther an object is, the more its color (hue) shifts toward the background color, which is normally blue sky.

Light-green slightly shifts to bluish

11. Saturation

The farther an object is, the less saturated its color is.

In other words, its color is less rich, bright, or intense, therefore condign tedious or neutral.

Far objects are boring or grayish

Case:

Seashore oil painting

12. Temperature

Purple, blue and green are absurd colors; they bring to listen the sea, and other absurd things.

Red, orange and yellow are warm colors; they bring to mind fire, or other warm things.

The further away an object is, at that place are more atmosphere particles between it and the observer, i.e. the atmosphere color has a bigger event.

When the sky is blue, the color of background objects shifts gradually toward a blueish hue due to scattered light, and therefore becomes cooler.

Foreground objects are warmer than the background objects since there are less atmosphere particles between the observer and the foreground objects.

Opposite phenomenon may occur in sunrise or dusk.

Temperature in mural

For a review of markers I use for drawing, visit my markers guide.

thirteen. Values

According to atmospheric perspective, further objects accept higher brightness values, pregnant their color is lighter.

Farther object is lighter

For monochromatic drawing, like pencil drawing, the same principle applies.

The key is to press harder with a drawing pencil for darker values, or to use pencils with different brightness values.

Foreground objects are darker

In addition, transitions (gradient) in brightness values can be used to create the illusion of depth.

Transition from night to light

Transition from light to dark

xiv. Cast Shadow

Information technology is important to describe or paint cast shadows when necessary, and to adapt their direction to the opposite side of the low-cal source.

Bandage shadow

Example:

Landscape with pen & ink

In order to larn how to etch a scene and render information technology, read my tutorial on limerick cartoon.

15. Brushstrokes & Marks

Some painting styles are done with a collection of single brushstrokes. For instance, painting grass blades or leaves.

In these cases, use larger paintbrushes for foreground strokes.

You can practice the same with a technical pen.

Utilise a pen with a bigger beak size for bigger marks when drawing foreground objects, and a smaller nib size for groundwork objects.

Unlike bill sizes

Example:

For an initial sketch, the management of lines/marks or brushstrokes is of import.

Same bones shape with different marks direction tells a different story:

Marks direction for creating shapes and depth

When planning a painting, the direction of marks play a major office:

Marks as kickoff step

And, they are necessary when painting.

Example:

Tree in dusk oil painting

If y'all are new to oil painting, it is good to know the different types of paintbrushes for oil painting.

Summary

The key to create depth when drawing is the use of dissimilar methods to produce a three-dimensional look on a two-dimensional surface.

Simply put, there is no bodily depth in drawing (or painting), but an illusion of depth.

Colors:

When using colors, pay attention to colour attributes such equally hue, saturation, value, and temperature.

Color is an important painting primal. Here is my guide on mixing colors for realistic painting.

In a monochromatic drawing, correct brightness values are crucial.

Landscape vs yet life:

For landscape painting, information technology is benign to understand linear and atmospheric perspective.

When painting a however life, employ methods like contrast, overlap, and soft edges, to create depth.

Where to go side by side?

Afterwards agreement depth, you might want to visit my beginners guide to realistic pencil drawing.

And, learn about the 8 primal factors for painting realism.

If you like drawing with pens, hither is my flower drawing guide.

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